{"product_id":"the-battles-of-varna-and-second-kosovo-1986-turkish-book-military-ottoman-empire-maps-murad-ii","title":"The Battles of Varna and Second Kosovo 1986 Turkish Book Military Ottoman Empire Maps Murad II","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"102\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"13\" data-end=\"81\"\u003eThe Battles of Varna (1444) and Second Kosovo (1448), and Murad II\u003c\/em\u003e (Varna (1444), İkinci Kosova (1448) Meydan Muharebeleri ve II. Murat) – T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt (ATASE) Başkanlığı Turkish Edition (1986)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"134\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(170, 26, 23);\"\u003eDescription:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"774\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eThis Turkish edition of \u003cem data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"362\"\u003eThe Battles of Varna (1444) and Second Kosovo (1448), and Murad II\u003c\/em\u003e (Varna (1444), İkinci Kosova (1448) Meydan Muharebeleri ve II. Murat) was published by the Military History and Strategic Studies Directorate (ATASE) of the Turkish General Staff in 1986. Printed in Turkish, this official study examines two of the most decisive battles in early Ottoman history, both of which secured Ottoman dominance in the Balkans and ended major Crusader attempts to halt Ottoman expansion.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"776\" data-end=\"1176\"\u003eThe book focuses on the military leadership of Sultan Murad II, who returned to command the Ottoman army after temporarily abdicating in favor of his son, the future Mehmed II (Fatih Sultan Mehmet). It analyzes the Battle of Varna in 1444, where the Crusader army led by King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary suffered a decisive defeat, resulting in the death of the young king on the battlefield.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1569\"\u003eThe study also provides a detailed examination of the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, where the Ottoman army defeated the Crusader forces commanded by John Hunyadi. Through official military research, the volume evaluates the strategies, battlefield tactics, and long-term political consequences of these victories, which firmly established Ottoman supremacy in the Balkans for generations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(170, 26, 23);\"\u003eKey Features:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1586\" data-end=\"1606\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e• Author: Collective\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1694\"\u003e• Original Title: \u003cem data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1694\"\u003eThe Battles of Varna (1444) and Second Kosovo (1448), and Murad II\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"1782\"\u003e• Turkish Title: \u003cem data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1782\"\u003eVarna (1444), İkinci Kosova (1448) Meydan Muharebeleri ve II. Murat\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1874\"\u003e• Publisher: T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt (ATASE) Başkanlığı\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"1900\"\u003e• Publication Date: 1986\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1921\"\u003e• Language: Turkish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1923\" data-end=\"1942\"\u003e• Format: Paperback\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1944\" data-end=\"1986\"\u003e• Genre: Military History; Ottoman History\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1988\" data-end=\"2059\"\u003e• Subject: The Battles of Varna and Second Kosovo under Sultan Murad II\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2061\" data-end=\"2127\"\u003e• Literary Content: Official military history; Historical research\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2129\" data-end=\"2234\"\u003e• Themes: Murad II; Battle of Varna; Second Battle of Kosovo; Crusades; Ottoman Empire; Military strategy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2236\" data-end=\"2367\"\u003e• Historical Focus: The Ottoman victories at Varna (1444) and Kosovo (1448) and their impact on the balance of power in the Balkans\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2627\"\u003e• Educational Value: Official military study examining the leadership of Sultan Murad II, the campaigns against the Crusader armies, battlefield tactics, and the strategic significance of two of the Ottoman Empire's most decisive fifteenth-century victories.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2629\" data-end=\"2902\"\u003e• Collector Appeal: Official ATASE publication documenting two landmark Ottoman victories through professional military analysis, making it an important reference for collectors of Ottoman military history, medieval warfare, and official Turkish General Staff publications.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Turkrex Collectables","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49746309185674,"sku":null,"price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/3687\/7450\/files\/1_8007d571-2b88-4b6e-aabe-fcb7b4643cab.jpg?v=1784206541","url":"https:\/\/turkrexcollectables.com\/products\/the-battles-of-varna-and-second-kosovo-1986-turkish-book-military-ottoman-empire-maps-murad-ii","provider":"Turkrex Collectables","version":"1.0","type":"link"}